Compositions and methods for promoting appetite suppression using alkali metals

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method of suppressing appetite or promoting a stimulant effect in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual per 24 hour period an effective amount of one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of one or more sources of cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or more sources of lithium, and combinations thereof. The present invention further relates to weight loss or stimulant compositions comprising one or more alkali metals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The field of the invention relates to weight loss, obesity and appetitesuppression, more particularly, to methods of suppressing appetite byadministering one or more alkali metals to an individual in needthereof.

2. Description of the Related Art

Obesity is fast becoming an acute global health crisis, particularly inthe developed world. About 97 million adults in the United States areoverweight or obese and the problem is growing in Europe and Asia aswell. The medical problems caused by being overweight or obese can beserious and often life-threatening, and include diabetes, shortness ofbreath, gallbladder disease, hypertension, elevated blood cholesterollevels, cancer, arthritis, other orthopedic problems, reflux esophagitis(heartburn), snoring, sleep apnea, menstrual irregularities, infertilityand heart trouble. Moreover, obesity or being overweight substantiallyincreases the risk of morbidity from hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease,osteoarthritis and endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon cancers.Higher body weights are also associated with increases in all-causemortality. Most or all of these problems are relieved or improved bypermanent significant weight loss. Longevity and quality of life islikewise significantly increased by permanent significant weight loss.

Excessive weight and/or obesity may be due to uncontrollable and/orcontrollable factors. Uncontrollable factors may include heredity (i.e.,genetics) and metabolic disorders. Controllable factors may includeenvironment, physical inactivity, psychological circumstances, and pooreating habits established in childhood and use of certain medications.Poor eating habits may include excessive intake as well as poorselection of foods with nutritional value. The controllable factors areoften more responsible for the development of overweight and obesity.

Therapeutic approaches to overweight and obesity have includededucational, physical, psychological and pharmacological modalities.Educational efforts have focused on informing individuals about caloricintake and making proper nutritional selections. Physical approacheshave emphasized increasing physical activity in an effort to increasemetabolism. Psychological approaches have focused on controllingappetite, manipulating mood and improving sense of well-being.Pharmacological approaches may include drugs and other agents tosuppress appetite and/or increase cellular metabolism. There are a broadrange of opinions as to how successful these therapeutic approaches havebeen either individually or collectively, but nevertheless, incidenceand prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to increase.Regardless of cause, there is an obvious need for treatments that caninduce or otherwise promote weight loss.

Accordingly, there exists a need for new, effective weight losstreatments which are accompanied by few adverse or undesirable sideeffects or less serious side effects. In particular, there exists a needfor developing weight loss treatments which can potentially lower majorendpoints such as death and/or myocardial infarction rates by directlytreating obesity rather than treating the consequences of obesity (e.g.,diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia), as is currently the practice.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above and other objectives, as will be apparent to those havingordinary skill in the art, have been achieved by the present inventor byproviding methods for suppressing appetite using one or more alkalimetals.

More specifically, in one aspect, the invention provides a method forsuppressing appetite in an individual in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the individual per 24 hour period an effective amountof one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of oneor more sources of cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or moresources of lithium, and combinations thereof.

The invention advantageously provides convenient and safe methods forsuppressing appetite and thereby achieving weight loss in an individual.Being overweight or obese poses major health risks for individuals, andmethods described herein are highly beneficial in that numerousassociated diseases and attendant conditions due to being overweight orobese can be prevented or ameliorated. This, in turn, can prevent pain,suffering, and even death caused by being overweight or obese as well assignificantly reduce health care costs associated with being overweightor obese. The methods disclosed herein also advantageously improve moodand energy level, and enhance an individual's overall sense of wellbeing. The methods can also eliminate or reduce the need for weightreduction surgery, such as, for example, liposuction or gastric bypasssurgery. Furthermore, the methods disclosed herein may advantageously beemployed by a normal weight individual to suppress appetite (for foodsthat induce weight gain rapidly such as “junk” food) and prevent asignificant gain in weight under various circumstances.

In another aspect, the invention encompasses weight loss compositionsuseful for suppressing appetite in an individual. The compositionscomprise one or more alkali metals useful in carrying out the methods ofthe present invention as described herein.

In another aspect, the invention is directed to methods of promoting astimulant effect, such as enhancing energy, attentiveness, or improvingathletic performance in an individual in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the individual an effective amount of one or morealkali metals selected from the group consisting of one or more sourcesof cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or more sources oflithium, and combinations thereof.

In another aspect, the invention encompasses beverage compositionsuseful, for example, as energy or stimulant drinks, comprising one ormore alkali metals selected from the group consisting of one or moresources of cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or more sourcesof lithium, and combinations thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In some embodiments, the invention is directed to methods andcompositions for suppressing appetite in an individual in need thereof.In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to theindividual per 24 hour period an effective amount of one or more alkalimetals selected from the group consisting of one or more sources ofcesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or more sources of lithium,and combinations thereof.

The compositions of the invention useful for suppressing appetite arealso useful for other purposes. For example, the compositions are usefulin promoting a stimulant effect, such as enhancing energy,attentiveness, and improving athletic performance in an individual inneed thereof. In some embodiments, the invention is directed to methodsof promoting a stimulant effect, such as enhancing energy,attentiveness, or improving athletic performance in an individual inneed thereof, comprising administering to the individual an effectiveamount of one or more alkali metals selected from the group consistingof one or more sources of cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, oneor more sources of lithium, and combinations thereof.

The phrase “effective amount” as used herein refers to the amount of analkali metal or combinations thereof of the invention which is effectivefor producing the desired appetite suppressant or stimulant effect uponadministration to an individual or patient. The desired appetitesuppressant effect is sufficient to either promote weight loss in anindividual or prevent weight gain in a normal weight individual whootherwise might be at risk for weight gain, for example, as might occurwhen the individual is being treated with certain medications whichpromote weight gain due to increased appetite as a side effect, orindividuals who have a propensity to consume foods high in fats or whootherwise have a nutritionally poor diet or eating habits. The amount ofweight loss that can be achieved in an individual can range from about 1kg to about 150 kg or more. In some embodiments, the amount of weightloss that can be achieved is about 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg, 25 kg, 30kg, 35 kg, 40 kg 45 kg or 50 kg. On a percentage basis, in general, theamount of weight that can be lost can range from about 1% of theindividual's body weight up to about 70% or more of the individual'sweight. High percentage losses in body weight are possible for veryobese individuals and should only occur under proper medicalsupervision. The word “about” as used herein corresponds to ±10%.

In some embodiments, the source of cesium administered has total cesiumcontent in an amount of about 40 milligrams to about 1500 milligrams. Insome embodiments, the source of cesium administered has total cesiumcontent that ranges from about 40-1250 milligrams, from about 40-1000milligrams, from about 40-750 milligrams, from about 60-500 milligrams,from about 80-400 milligrams, from about 100-300 milligrams, or fromabout 150-250 milligrams. In some embodiments, the total cesium contentis about 40 milligrams, about 50 milligrams, about 60 milligrams, about75 milligrams, about 100 milligrams, about 150 milligrams, about 200milligrams, about 250 milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 350milligrams, about 400 milligrams, about 450 milligrams, about 500milligrams, about 550 milligrams, about 600 milligrams, about 650milligrams, about 700 milligrams, about 750 milligrams, about 800milligrams, about 850 milligrams, about 900 milligrams, about 950milligrams, about 1000 milligrams, about 1050 milligrams, about 1100milligrams, about 1200 milligrams, about 1250 milligrams, about 1300milligrams, about 1350 milligrams, about 1400 milligrams, about 1450milligrams, or about 1500 milligrams.

In some embodiments, the source of cesium is elemental cesium, one ormore cesium compounds, cesium ions, salts of cesium, or combinationsthereof. In some embodiments, the source is one or more salts of cesiumhaving total cesium content in an amount of about 40 milligrams to about1500 milligrams. In some embodiments, the one or more salts of cesium isselected from the group consisting of cesium azide (CsN₃), cesiumbromide (CsBr), cesium carbonate (Cs₂CO₃), cesium chloride (CsCl),cesium chromate (Cs₂CrO₄), cesium fluoride (CsF), cesium formate(HCOOCs), cesium iodide (CsI), cesium nitrate (CsNO₃), cesiumorthovanadate (Cs₃VO₄), cesium oxalate ((COOCs)₂), cesium perchlorate(CsClO₄), cesium permanganate (CsMnO₄), cesium propionate (C₂H₅CO₂Cs)and cesium sulfate (Cs₂O₄S).

In some embodiments, the salt of cesium is cesium chloride and the saltis administered in an amount of about 50 milligrams to about 1900milligrams (total cesium content of about 40 to about 1500 milligrams).In some embodiments, the salt is administered in an amount of about50-1700 milligrams, from about 50-1500 milligrams, from about 50-1200milligrams, from about 75-1000 milligrams, from about 100-800milligrams, from about 200-600 milligrams, or from about 300-500milligrams. In some embodiments, about 50 milligrams, about 75milligrams, about 100 milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 300milligrams, about 400 milligrams, about 500 milligrams, about 600milligrams, about 700 milligrams, about 800 milligrams, about 900milligrams, about 1000 milligrams, about 1100 milligrams, about 1200milligrams, about 1300 milligrams, about 1400 milligrams, about 1500milligrams, about 1600 milligrams, about 1700 milligrams, about 1800milligrams or about 1900 milligrams of cesium chloride is administered.

In some embodiments, the source of rubidium has total rubidium contentin an amount of about 35 milligrams to about 1350 milligrams. In someembodiments, the source of rubidium administered has total rubidiumcontent that ranges from about 35-1250 milligrams, from about 35-1000milligrams, from about 35-750 milligrams, from about 50-500 milligrams,from about 80-400 milligrams, from about 100-300 milligrams, or fromabout 150-250 milligrams. In some embodiments, the total rubidiumcontent is about 35 milligrams, about 45 milligrams, about 50milligrams, about 70 milligrams, about 90 milligrams, about 100milligrams, about 150 milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 250milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 350 milligrams, about 400milligrams, about 450 milligrams, about 500 milligrams, about 550milligrams, about 600 milligrams, about 650 milligrams, about 700milligrams, about 750 milligrams, about 800 milligrams, about 850milligrams, about 900 milligrams, about 950 milligrams, about 1000milligrams, about 1050 milligrams, about 1100 milligrams, about 1200milligrams, about 1250 milligrams, about 1300 milligrams, or about 1350milligrams.

In some embodiments, the source of rubidium is elemental rubidium, oneor more rubidium compounds, rubidium ions, salts of rubidium, orcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more sources ofrubidium are one or more salts of rubidium. In some embodiments, thetotal content of rubidium in the one or more salts of rubidium is in anamount of about 35 milligrams to about 1350 milligrams. In someembodiments, the one or more salts of rubidium is selected from thegroup consisting of rubidium acetate (CH₃CO₂Rb), rubidium bromide(RbBr), rubidium carbonate (Rb₂CO₃), rubidium chloride (RbCl), rubidiumchromate (Rb₂CrO₄), rubidium fluoride (RbF), rubidium formate (HCO₂Rb),rubidium iodide (RbI), rubidium nitrate (RbNO₃) and rubidium sulfate(Rb₂SO₄). In some embodiments, the salt of rubidium is rubidiumchloride.

In some embodiments, rubidium chloride is administered in an amount ofabout 50 milligrams to about 1900 milligrams (total rubidium content ofabout 35 milligrams to about 1350 milligrams). In some embodiments, thesalt is administered in an amount of about 50-1700 milligrams, fromabout 50-1500 milligrams, from about 50-1200 milligrams, from about75-1000 milligrams, from about 100-800 milligrams, from about 200-600milligrams, or from about 300-500 milligrams. In some embodiments, about50 milligrams, about 60 milligrams, about 70 milligrams, about 75milligrams, about 90 milligrams, about 100 milligrams, about 200milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 400 milligrams, about 500milligrams, about 600 milligrams, about 700 milligrams, about 800milligrams, about 900 milligrams, about 1000 milligrams, about 1100milligrams, about 1200 milligrams, about 1300 milligrams, about 1400milligrams, about 1500 milligrams, about 1600 milligrams, about 1700milligrams, about 1800 milligrams or about 1900 milligrams of rubidiumchloride is administered.

In some embodiments, the source of lithium has a total lithium contentin an amount of about 0.3 milligrams to about 85 milligrams. In someembodiments, the source of lithium administered has total lithiumcontent that ranges from about 0.3-80 milligrams, from about 0.3-70milligrams, from about 0.3-50 milligrams, from about 1-40 milligrams,from about 3-35 milligrams, from about 5-30 milligrams, or from about10-20 milligrams. In some embodiments, the total lithium content isabout 0.5 milligrams, about 1 milligrams, about 5 milligrams, about 10milligrams, about 15 milligrams, about 20 milligrams, about 25milligrams, about 30 milligrams, about 35 milligrams, about 40milligrams, about 45 milligrams, about 50 milligrams, about 55milligrams, about 60 milligrams, about 65 milligrams, about 70milligrams, about 75 milligrams, about 80 milligrams, or about 85milligrams. In some embodiments, the one or more sources of lithium iselemental lithium, one or more lithium compounds, lithium ions, lithiumsalts, or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the source of lithium is one or more lithium salts.In some embodiments, the total content of lithium in one or more lithiumsalts is in an amount of about 0.3 milligrams to about 85 milligrams. Insome embodiments, the one or more lithium salts is selected from thegroup consisting of lithium acetate (CH₃COOLi), lithiumacetylsalicylate, lithium aspartate, lithium benzoate (C₆H₅COOLi),lithium bitartrate, lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃),lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium chromate (LiCrO₄), lithium citrate(Li₃C₆H₅O₇), lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium gluconate, lithium iodate(LiIO₃), lithium metaborate (LiBO₂), lithium nitrate (LiNO₃), lithiumorotate (LiC₅H₃N₂O₄), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium phosphate(Li₃PO₄), lithium selenite (LiH₃(SeO₃)₂), lithium succinate (C₄H₅LiO₄),lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄), and lithium thenoate. In some embodiments, theone or more lithium salts is lithium aspartate, lithium carbonate,lithium citrate or lithium orotate, or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the source of lithium is lithium carbonateadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams. In some embodiments, lithium carbonate is administered in anamount of about 10-400 milligrams, from about 15-350 milligrams, fromabout 20-300 milligrams, from about 50-250 milligrams, from about 75-200milligrams, from about 100-200 milligrams, or from about 125-175milligrams. In some embodiments, about 10 milligrams, about 15milligrams, about 20 milligrams, about 25 milligrams, about 30milligrams, about 35 milligrams, about 40 milligrams, about 45milligrams, about 50 milligrams, about 75 milligrams, about 100milligrams, about 150 milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 250milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 350 milligrams, about 400milligrams, or about 450 milligrams lithium carbonate is administered.

In some embodiments, the source of lithium is lithium aspartate and isadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams. In some embodiments, lithium aspartate is administered in anamount of about 10-400 milligrams, from about 15-350 milligrams, fromabout 20-300 milligrams, from about 50-250 milligrams, from about 75-200milligrams, from about 100-200 milligrams, or from about 125-175milligrams. In some embodiments, about 10 milligrams, about 15milligrams, about 20 milligrams, about 25 milligrams, about 30milligrams, about 35 milligrams, about 40 milligrams, about 45milligrams, about 50 milligrams, about 75 milligrams, about 100milligrams, about 150 milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 250milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 350 milligrams, about 400milligrams, or about 450 milligrams lithium aspartate is administered.

In some embodiments, the source of lithium is lithium citrateadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams. In some embodiments, lithium citrate is administered in anamount of about 10-400 milligrams, from about 15-350 milligrams, fromabout 20-300 milligrams, from about 50-250 milligrams, from about 75-200milligrams, from about 100-200 milligrams, or from about 125-175milligrams. In some embodiments, about 10 milligrams, about 15milligrams, about 20 milligrams, about 25 milligrams, about 30milligrams, about 35 milligrams, about 40 milligrams, about 45milligrams, about 50 milligrams, about 75 milligrams, about 100milligrams, about 150 milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 250milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 350 milligrams, about 400milligrams, or about 450 milligrams lithium citrate is administered.

In some embodiments, the source of lithium is lithium orotateadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams. In some embodiments, lithium orotate is administered in anamount of about 10-400 milligrams, from about 15-350 milligrams, fromabout 20-300 milligrams, from about 50-250 milligrams, from about 75-200milligrams, from about 100-200 milligrams, or from about 125-175milligrams. In some embodiments, about 10 milligrams, about 15milligrams, about 20 milligrams, about 25 milligrams, about 30milligrams, about 35 milligrams, about 40 milligrams, about 45milligrams, about 50 milligrams, about 75 milligrams, about 100milligrams, about 150 milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 250milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 350 milligrams, about 400milligrams, or about 450 milligrams lithium orotate is administered.

In some embodiments, the commercial source of cesium, rubidium orlithium for use in the present invention is in highly pure form. In someembodiments, the source is 95% pure, 96% pure, 97% pure, 98% pure, 99%pure, 99.5% pure, 99.9% pure, 99.999% pure or greater. Highly puresources are known to persons of skill in the art and are commerciallyavailable. In some embodiments, such sources are non-toxic andpharmaceutically acceptable.

In some embodiments, the one or more alkali metals of the invention areadministered substantially together with one or more sources ofpotassium to prevent a risk of potassium depletion in the individual. Insome embodiments, the one or more sources of potassium is elementalpotassium, potassium compounds, potassium ions, potassium salts, one ormore potassium-rich foods, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments,the potassium-rich foods are selected from the group consisting ofbanana, raisins, spinach, pumpkin, tomato, broccoli, orange juice, milk,yams, potato, corn, yoghurt, cabbage, salmon, green barley essence,peanut butter, prunes cheese, peach lettuce, celery, ice cream, peas,grapes, pineapple, green beans, asparagus, apple, apricot, rice, onion,strawberries and bread (25% flour) and combinations thereof.

The alkali metals can be administered in a single dose or they can bespread out over several doses in a 24 hour period. In some embodiments,the one or more alkali metals are divided into several dosesadministered over a 24 hour period. In some embodiments, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6or more doses are administered. In some embodiments, the one or morealkali metals are administered in a single dose in a 24-hour period.

In some embodiments, the alkali metal sources are the only active agentsadministered to the individual to promote weight loss or appetitesuppression. In other embodiments, additional active agents areadministered that promote weight loss or appetite suppression.

In some embodiments the individual to be treated or administered is amammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human. The effectiveamounts as described herein are contemplated for human administration,and can be adjusted as needed to accommodate administration to otherspecies. In some embodiments, the individual is a non-human mammal, suchas, for example, a horse, canine (in particular domestic canineanimals), feline animals (in particular domestic feline animals) as wellas mammals which are produced for meat, such as porcine, bovine andovine animals. The present invention can be used to prevent excessweight in such animals in order to maximize lean meat production.

The duration of treatment or administration can vary for each individualto be treated/administered. It can be continuous for a period of severaldays, weeks, months, or years of treatment or can be intermittent wherethe individual is administered alkali metals for a period of time,followed by a period of time where they are not treated, and then aperiod of time where treatment resumes as needed to suppress appetite inthe individual. For example, in some embodiments, the individual to betreated is administered the alkali metals of the invention daily, everyother day, every three days, every four days, 2 days per week 3 days perweek, 4 days per week, 5 days per week or 7 days per week. In someembodiments, the individual is administered the alkali metals for 1week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months,5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months,1 year or longer. In some embodiments, the individual is administered adosage every morning with or after food and taken for two months untilthe required amount of weight is lost. In some embodiments, individualswho are obese are administered the alkali metal of the invention everyday for longer durations of time. In some embodiments, obese individualsare treated for 6 months or longer to achieve the desired weight loss.For purposes of achieving a stimulant effect, the duration of treatmentin some embodiments can be very short, limited to a singleadministration occurring on one day.

The combinations of alkali metal sources are administered substantiallytogether. As used herein “substantially together” refers toadministering to an individual more than one alkali metal sources in (i)a single dosage form, or (ii) separate dosage forms or a combination ofcompositions, such that, they are administered either simultaneously orwithin a period of time such that the subject receives benefit of theaggregate effects of the separate dosage forms or combination ofcompositions. In some embodiments, the alkali metal source combinationsare administered as a single dose. In some embodiments, separate dosageforms for more than one alkali metal sources are administered within thesame 24 hour period. In some embodiments, separate dosage forms for morethan one alkali metal sources are administered within the same 12 hourperiod. In some combinations, separate dosage forms for more than onealkali metal sources are administered within the same 6 hour period. Insome embodiments, separate dosage forms for more than one alkali metalsources are administered within the same 3-6 hour period. In somecombinations, separate dosage forms for more than one alkali metalsources are administered within the same 1-3 hour period. In somecombinations, separate dosage forms for more than one alkali metalsources are administered within the same one hour period. In someembodiments, the appetite suppressant effect achieved by a single dosein the morning is sufficient to halt cravings for food for the remainderof the day. In some embodiments, the weight control composition may beconsumed before meals to reduce caloric consumption during meals, orafter meals to reduce eating between meals, or consumed in lieu of oneor more traditional meals.

In some embodiments, the individual is administered a combination ofalkali metals comprising cesium chloride, rubidium chloride and one ormore sources of lithium selected from the group consisting of lithiumorotate, lithium carbonate, lithium aspartate, lithium citrate andcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, the cesium chloride isadministered in an amount of about 50 milligrams to about 1900milligrams or any specific amount or range as described herein, therubidium chloride is administered in an amount of about 50 milligrams toabout 1900 milligrams or any specific amount or range as describedherein, the lithium orotate is administered in an amount of about 20milligrams to about 200 milligrams or any specific amount or range asdescribed herein, the lithium carbonate is administered in an amount ofabout 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specific amount orrange as described herein, and the lithium aspartate is administered inan amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein. In some embodiments, the lithiumsource includes at least two of: lithium orotate administered in anamount of about 10 milligrams to about 200 milligrams; lithium carbonateadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams; or lithium aspartate administered in an amount of about 10milligrams to about 450 milligrams. In some embodiments, the lithiumorotate is administered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 200milligrams, lithium carbonate is administered in an amount of about 10milligrams to about 450 milligrams, and lithium aspartate isadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams.

In some embodiments, one or more sources of cesium and lithium areadministered to an individual in a single dose, i.e., substantiallytogether. In some embodiments, the source of cesium is cesium chlorideand the one or more sources of lithium is selected from the groupconsisting of lithium orotate, lithium carbonate, lithium citrate,lithium aspartate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, thecesium chloride is administered in an amount of about 50 milligrams toabout 1900 milligrams or any specific amount or range as describedherein. In some embodiments, the lithium orotate is administered in anamount of about 10 milligrams to about 200 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein. In some embodiments, the lithiumcarbonate is administered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about450 milligrams or any specific amount or range as described herein. Insome embodiments, the lithium citrate is administered in an amount ofabout 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specific amount orrange as described herein. In some embodiments, the lithium aspartate isadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450 milligramsor any specific amount or range as described herein. In some embodimentsthe lithium includes at least two of: lithium orotate administered in anamount of about 10 milligrams to about 200 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein; lithium carbonate administered inan amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein; or lithium aspartate administeredin an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or anyspecific amount or range as described herein. In some embodiments,lithium orotate is administered in an amount of about 10 milligrams toabout 200 milligrams; lithium carbonate is administered in an amount ofabout 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams; and lithium aspartate isadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams.

In some embodiments, one or more sources of rubidium and lithium areadministered in a single dose. In some embodiments, the source ofrubidium is rubidium chloride and the one or more sources of lithium isselected from the group consisting of lithium orotate, lithium citrate,lithium carbonate and lithium aspartate. In some embodiments, therubidium chloride is administered in an amount of about 50 milligrams toabout 1900 milligrams or any specific amount or range as describedherein. In some embodiments, the amount of lithium orotate isadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 200 milligramsor any specific amount or range as described herein. In someembodiments, the lithium citrate is administered in an amount of about10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specific amount or range asdescribed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of lithium carbonateis administered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams or any specific amount or range as described herein. In someembodiments, the lithium aspartate is administered in an amount of about10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specific amount or range asdescribed herein. In some embodiments, the lithium includes at least twoof lithium orotate administered in an amount of about 10 milligrams toabout 200 milligrams or any specific amount or range as describedherein, lithium carbonate administered in an amount of about 10milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specific amount or range asdescribed herein, or lithium aspartate administered in an amount ofabout 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams or any specific amount orrange as described herein. In some embodiments, lithium orotate isadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 200milligrams; lithium carbonate is administered in an amount of about 10milligrams to about 450 milligrams; and lithium aspartate isadministered in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams.

In some embodiments, a combination of 150 milligrams of cesium chlorideand 150 milligrams of rubidium chloride is administered. In someembodiments, a combination of 150 milligrams of cesium chloride, 150milligrams of rubidium chloride and 40 milligrams of lithium carbonateis administered. In other embodiments, a combination of 150 milligramsof cesium chloride, 150 milligrams of rubidium chloride and 40milligrams of lithium aspartate is administered.

In some embodiments, the invention is directed to weight loss orstimulant compositions useful for suppressing appetite in an individualor promoting a stimulant effect. In some embodiments, the invention isdirected to dietary supplement compositions useful for suppressingappetite or promoting a stimulant effect in an individual. In someembodiments, the compositions are pharmaceutical compositions.

In some embodiments, the invention is directed to compositions which arefunctional foods and/or beverages (such as energy or stimulant drinks).The compositions comprise one or more alkali metals in amounts that areuseful in carrying out the methods of the present invention as describedherein.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant compositions of theinvention can be prepared in accordance with acceptable pharmaceuticalprocedures, such as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,17th edition, ed. Alfonso R. Gennaro, Mack Publishing Company, Easton,Pa. (1985), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention are formulated inunit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.The term “unit dosage form” as used herein refers to physically discreteunits suited as unitary dosages for the individuals to be treated. Insome embodiments, the compositions are formulated into discrete dosageunits each containing a predetermined “unit dosage” or “unit dose” ofone or more active compounds calculated to produce the desired effect inassociation with the required pharmaceutical carrier.

In some embodiments, the compositions have a unit dose or amount ofcesium of about 10 milligrams to about 1500 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein. In some embodiments, the unit doseor amount of cesium is about 20 milligrams, about 40 milligrams, about100 milligrams, about 150 milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 250milligrams, about 300 milligrams, about 350 milligrams, about 400milligrams, about 450 milligrams, about 500 milligrams, about 550milligrams, about 600 milligrams, about 650 milligrams, about 700milligrams, about 750 milligrams, about 800 milligrams, about 850milligrams, about 900 milligrams, about 950 milligrams, about 1000milligrams, about 1050 milligrams, about 1100 milligrams, about 1200milligrams, about 1250 milligrams, about 1300 milligrams, about 1350milligrams, about 1400 milligrams, about 1450 milligrams, or about 1500milligrams.

In some embodiments, the compositions have a unit dose or amount ofrubidium of about 10 milligrams to about 1350 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein. In some embodiments, the unit doseor amount of rubidium is about 25 milligrams, about 35 milligrams, about50 milligrams, about 75 milligrams, about 100 milligrams, about 150milligrams, about 200 milligrams, about 250 milligrams, about 300milligrams, about 350 milligrams, about 400 milligrams, about 450milligrams, about 500 milligrams, about 550 milligrams, about 600milligrams, about 650 milligrams, about 700 milligrams, about 750milligrams, about 800 milligrams, about 850 milligrams, about 900milligrams, about 950 milligrams, about 1000 milligrams, about 1050milligrams, about 1100 milligrams, about 1200 milligrams, about 1250milligrams, about 1300 milligrams, or about 1350 milligrams.

In some embodiments, the compositions have a unit dose or amount oflithium of about 0.1 milligrams to about 85 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein. In some embodiments, the unit doseor amount of lithium is about 1 milligrams, about 1.5 milligrams, about2 milligrams, about 5 milligrams, about 10 milligrams, about 15milligrams, about 20 milligrams, about 25 milligrams, about 30milligrams, about 35 milligrams, about 40 milligrams, about 45milligrams, about 50 milligrams, about 55 milligrams, about 60milligrams, about 65 milligrams, about 70 milligrams, about 75milligrams, about 80 milligrams, or about 85 milligrams.

In some embodiments, the invention is directed to a weight losscomposition or combination of compositions taken substantially togethercomprising: one or more salts of cesium having a combined content in anamount of about 40 milligrams to about 1500 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein; one or more salts of rubidiumhaving a combined rubidium content in an amount of about 35 milligramsto about 1350 milligrams or any specific amount or range as describedherein; one or more lithium salts having a combined lithium content inan amount of about 0.3 milligrams to about 85 milligrams or any specificamount or range as described herein; and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant composition orcombination of compositions comprises one or more salts of cesiumselected from the group consisting of cesium azide (CsN₃), cesiumbromide (CsBr), cesium carbonate (Cs₂CO₃), cesium chloride (CsCl),cesium chromate (Cs₂CrO₄), cesium fluoride (CsF), cesium formate(HCOOCs), cesium iodide (CsI), cesium nitrate (CsNO₃), cesiumorthovanadate (Cs₃VO₄), cesium oxalate ((COOCs)₂), cesium perchlorate(CsClO₄), cesium permanganate (CsMnO₄), cesium propionate (C₂H₅CO₂Cs)and cesium sulfate (Cs₂O₄S). In some embodiments, cesium chloride ispresent in an amount of about 50 milligrams to about 1900 milligrams.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant composition orcombination of compositions comprises one or more salts of rubidiumselected from the group consisting of rubidium acetate (CH₃CO₂Rb),rubidium bromide (RbBr), rubidium carbonate (Rb₂CO₃), rubidium chloride(RbCl), rubidium chromate (Rb₂CrO₄), rubidium fluoride (RbF), rubidiumformate (HCO₂Rb), rubidium iodide (RbI), rubidium nitrate (RbNO₃) andrubidium sulfate (Rb₂SO₄). In some embodiments, rubidium chloride ispresent in an amount of about 100 milligrams to about 1900 milligrams.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant composition orcombination of compositions comprises one or more salts of lithiumselected from the group consisting of lithium acetate (CH₃COOLi),lithium acetylsalicylate, lithium aspartate, benzoate (C₆H₅COOLi),lithium bitartrate, lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃),lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium chromate (LiCrO₄), lithium citrate(Li₃C₆H₅O₇), lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium gluconate, lithium iodate(LiIO₃), lithium metaborate (LiBO₂), lithium nitrate (Li NO₃), lithiumorotate (LiC₅H₃N₂O₄), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium phosphate(Li₃PO₄), lithium selenite (LiH₃(SeO₃)₂), lithium succinate (C₄H₅LiO₄),lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄), and lithium thenoate. In some embodiments, thelithium salt is lithium orotate, lithium carbonate, lithium aspartate,or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, lithium orotate is presentin an amount from about 20 milligrams to about 200 milligrams. In someembodiments, lithium carbonate is present in an amount from about 10milligrams to about 450 milligrams. In some embodiments, lithiumaspartate is present in an amount from about 10 milligrams to about 450milligrams.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant composition orcombination of compositions includes at least two of: lithium orotate inan amount of about 20 milligrams to about 200 milligrams; lithiumcarbonate in an amount of about 20 milligrams to about 450 milligrams,or lithium aspartate in an amount of about 20 milligrams to about 450milligrams.

In some embodiments, the weight kiss or stimulant composition orcombination of compositions includes lithium orotate in an amount ofabout 20 milligrams to about 200 milligrams; lithium carbonate in anamount of about 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams, and lithiumaspartate in an amount of about 10 milligrams to about 450 milligrams.

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those that are compatible withthe other ingredients in the formulation and biologically acceptable.The alkali metal can be provided in combination with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or diluent. Suitable carriers and/or diluents arewell known in the art and include pharmaceutical grade starch, mannitol,lactose, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talcum, cellulose,glucose, sucrose, (or other sugar), magnesium carbonate, gelatin, oil,alcohol, detergents, emulsifiers or water (preferably sterile). Thecomposition may be a mixed preparation of a composition or may be acombined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use(including administration). The alkali metals can also be administeredpure in sachets that have to be added to a glass of water and thendrunk.

The compositions according to the invention for use in theaforementioned methods may be administered by any convenient method, forexample by oral (including by inhalation), parenteral, mucosal (e.g.buccal, sublingual, nasal), rectal, subcutaneous or transdermaladministration and the compositions adapted accordingly.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant composition s suitablefor oral administration. In some embodiments, the weight losscomposition is a tablet, capsule, pill, dragee, suspension, lozenge,emulsion, aqueous solution, liquid, gel, or syrup. In some embodiments,the compositions can be delivered in the form of functional foods and/orbeverages (such as energy or stimulant drinks), as well as in the formof various dietary supplements.

A liquid formulation or liquid composition will generally comprise asuspension or solution of the one or more alkali metals or salts in asuitable aqueous or non-aqueous liquid carrier(s), for example, water,ethanol, glycerine, polyethylene glycol or an oil. In some embodiments,the composition formulation or composition may also contain a suspendingagent, preservative, flavoring or coloring agent.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant composition is in theform of a beverage or energy drink, which may further comprise vitamins,minerals, electrolytes and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the beverage or energy drink comprises one or moreof the following alkali metals and amounts: a source of rubidium havinga total rubidium content in an amount of about 35 milligrams to about1350 milligrams or any specific amount of rubidium or range as describedherein, a source of cesium having a total cesium content in an amount ofabout 40 milligrams to about 1500 milligrams or any specific amount ofcesium or range as described herein, and a source of lithium having atotal lithium content in an amount of about 0.3 milligrams to about 85milligrams or any specific amount of lithium or range as describedherein.

In some embodiments, the beverage or energy drink comprises one or moreof the following alkali metals and amounts: rubidium chloride in anamount of about 50 milligrams to about 1900 milligrams or any specificamount or range of rubidium chloride as described herein, cesiumchloride in an amount of about 50 milligrams to about 1900 milligrams orany specific amount or range of cesium chloride as described herein, andone or more of lithium orotate, lithium aspartate, and lithium carbonatein an amount of about 20 milligrams to about 200 milligrams or anyspecific amount or range of lithium orotate, lithium aspartate, andlithium carbonate as described herein. In some embodiments, electrolytessuch as potassium, for example, are included, which in correctphysiological quantities can increase the efficiency of the body toutilize glycogen and improve muscular activities. In some embodiments,the electrolytes comprise sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium,bicarbonate or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the source ofpotassium in the beverage or energy drink compositions is potassiumchloride. In some embodiments, potassium other than in the form ofpotassium chloride, such as potassium citrate, gluconate, carbonate orphosphate, may induce potassium deficiency and alkalosis. A depletion ofpotassium can lead to a decrease in action potential of muscle and canalso cause metabolic alkalosis. Certain beverage or energy drinkembodiments overcome this problem.

In some embodiments, carbohydrates can be added, including sucrose,glucose, citrate or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, one ormore carbohydrates are added with one or more electrolytes. In someembodiments, the unpleasant taste of electrolytes in drinks can bemasked by carefully balancing the relative ratios of the electrolytes.

In some embodiments, the beverage or energy drink can comprise acombination of water, one or more alkali metals, carbohydrates, andelectrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and/orbicarbonate. In some embodiments, the beverage or energy drink canfurther comprise one or more of high fructose corn syrup, artificialcolors and flavors. In some embodiments, the carbohydrate is glucose,fructose, dextrose, sucrose or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, the beverage or energy drink comprises taurine and/orglucuronolactone.

In some embodiments, the energy drink comprises a combination ofdisodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄.12H₂O), sucrose, dextrose, rubidiumchloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium citrate, sodiumacid phosphate, ascorbic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, citric acid,and sodium chloride. In some embodiments, artificial sweeteners,colorings, vitamins, minerals, preservatives and combinations thereofmay be incorporated.

When in powder form, the composition of one or more alkali base metalsmay be provided as small crystals. In some embodiments, the powdercomposition may be prepared by simply admixing the appropriate reactantingredients and packaging them in conventional beverage containers usedfor such purposes. In some embodiments, the liquid carrier usedon-demand to form the fluid beverage may be distilled, deionized,carbonated, or mineral water, and the liquid may also contain a smallamount of nonglucose or low glycemic index sweetener (such as aspartameor sucralose) to impart a pleasant sweet taste to the prepared beverage.In some embodiments, such a fluid beverage will have a total caloricload not to exceed 60 kcal per serving, and optionally is flavored withone or more natural and artificial sweeteners, either individually or incombination, in their usual proportions. The resulting fluid beveragecan be initially preserved by pasteurization or cold sterilization. Insome embodiments, the beverage is consumed at an average volume intakeof less than one liter per day.

In some embodiments, the dry composition (of chosen ingredients) can bemixed at will with a very small amount of water (for example, less than30 ml) to produce a mixture which may later be diluted to providemultiple units in the proper dose amounts, or can be poured into capsuleform, designed for optimum portability in situations requiring littleweight or baggage.

It is to be appreciated that the dry composition of one or more alkalibase metals is water soluble which allows a host of delivery options.

In addition, the weight loss or stimulant composition may be kept as adry powder mixture (for example in sachets) for an indefinite timeperiod without degradation. Then, at a chosen later time, the dry powdercan be combined with water or another aqueous based liquid, andoptionally a small amount of non-glucose or low glycemic index sweetenersuch as aspartame or sucralose to impart a pleasant sweet taste for thebeverage. In some embodiments, the beverage will have a total caloricvalue not to exceed 60 kcal per serving, after being properlyconstituted as a ready to drink fluid.

Optionally, the dry particle admixture may be flavored with one or morenatural and/or artificial favoring aids or sweeteners, eitherindividually or in combination, in their usual proportions. The powdercan then be packaged in individual moisture and tamper-resistantpackaging available commercially for such purposes.

A composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitablepharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solidformulations. Examples of such carriers include magnesium stearate,starch, lactose, sucrose and microcrystalline cellulose.

A composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routineencapsulation procedures. For example, powders, granules or pelletscontaining the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriersand then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively, a dispersionor suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceuticalcarrier(s), for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils andthe dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.

In some embodiments, the alkali metals are in powder form and are filledin a capsule. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical excipients are addedto the powder. In some embodiments, potassium is added in amountsranging from about 150 milligrams to about 5000 milligrams.Pharmaceutical excipients can be added to the alkali metals tocounteract any discomfort of the alkali properties when ingested, suchas, for example, gelatin, or mask any unpleasant taste of thecomposition.

In some embodiments, the weight loss or stimulant compositions of theinvention can additionally be formulated with vitamins and minerals,including to compensate for any loss thereof due to a reduced foodintake by the individual. In some embodiments, a multivitamin andmineral supplement is administered separately from the pharmaceuticalcomposition. Multivitamin and mineral supplements are well known. Suchsupplements typically contain vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, E,folic acid, calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc. Amino acids may also beincluded to supplement the daily protein requirement.

Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension ofthe alkali metal in a sterile aqueous or non-aqueous carrier orparenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil. Alternatively, thesolution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitablesolvent just prior to administration.

Compositions for nasal or oral administration may conveniently beformulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders. Aerosol formulationstypically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substancein a physiologically acceptable aqueous or non-aqueous solvent and areusually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in asealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill foruse with an atomising device. Alternatively, the sealed container may bea unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or anaerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve which is intended fordisposal once the contents of the container have been exhausted. Wherethe dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain apharmaceutically acceptable propellant. The aerosol dosage forms canalso take the form of a pump-atomiser.

Compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration includetablets, lozenges and pastilles, wherein the active ingredient isformulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, orgelatin and glycerin. Compositions for rectal or vaginal administrationare conveniently in the form of suppositories (containing a conventionalsuppository base such as cocoa butter), pessaries, vaginal tabs, foamsor enemas. Compositions suitable for transdermal administration includeointments, gels, patches and injections including powder injections.

The present invention may be better understood by reference to thefollowing non-limiting Examples, which are provided as exemplary of theinvention. The following examples are presented in order to more fullyillustrate some embodiments of the invention. They should in no way beconstrued, however, as limiting the broad scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1

A 100 kg man was administered a pharmaceutical composition of theinvention. Cesium chloride (150 milligrams), rubidium chloride (150milligrams) and lithium aspartate (40 milligrams) together weredissolved in one glass of water and ingested in the morning daily over atwo month period. The individual experienced a light tingling around themouth and a strong stimulation effect in the brain in a few minutesafter administration. Weight loss of 10 kilograms also was achieved.Alternatively and over two other periods of two months, the individualalkali metals, cesium chloride (300 milligrams) and rubidium chloride(300 milligrams), were dissolved in water and ingested separately ratherthan in combination, and the individual alkali metals administeredseparately worked as well and with the same sensation.

Example 2

Beverage Composition:

Rubidium Chloride 300 mg

Potassium Chloride: 300 mg.

Diluted in 150 ml of water

If desired, a flavoring agent such as TRUSIL LEMON ELITE (the trade nameof a commercial lemon flavoring agent supplied by Bush, Boake & Allan),may be incorporated in the mixture to provide a particularly pleasantflavor on the palate. Artificial sweeteners, colorings and preservativesmay likewise be incorporated.

Example 3

Beverage Composition:

A first mixture (mixture A) was prepared by blending 500 mg of disodiumhydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄.12H₂O) with 5 g of sucrose and 3 g ofdextrose.

A second mixture (mixture B) was prepared by blending together thefollowing ingredients in the stated amounts:

Rubidium Chloride: 300 mg

Potassium Chloride: 300 mg

Magnesium Sulfate: 150 mg

Sodium Citrate: 120 mg

Sodium Acid Phosphate: 110 mg

Ascorbic Acid: 100.0 mg

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride: 25.0 mg

Citric Acid: 450 mg

Sodium Chloride: 70 mg

The two mixtures were then blended together and milled to 100 mesh toform a drink concentrate.

If desired, a flavoring agent such as TRUSIL LEMON ELITE (the trade nameof a commercial lemon flavoring agent supplied by Bush, Boake & Allan),may be incorporated in the mixture to provide a particularly pleasantflavor on the palate. Artificial sweeteners, colorings and preservativesmay likewise be incorporated.

Example 4

The therapeutic efficacy of a composition in accordance with the presentinvention has been tested herein.

These trials were not undertaken to lose weight as quickly as possiblebut rather they were undertaken with the recommendation by doctors tothe subject(s) not to lose weight too quickly and to eat potassium richfoods, especially at night, instead of junk food.

As such, the aim of these trials was to have the subjects lose weightand stop the cravings for junk food with the aid of the compositions ofthis invention and use the enhanced energy and stimulation supplied fromthe compositions to change eating habits away from junk food therebyfacilitating weight loss.

During a first trial, a subject was administered 300 mg of cesiumchloride once per day in a glass of water every morning. The first triallasted two months (61 days) and the subject (100 kg) lost ten kilogramsduring this time period, as follows:

Day Weight (kg) 1-9 100 10-13 99 14-15 98 16-23 97 24-34 96 35-41 9542-47 94 48-52 93 53-55 92 56-58 91 59-61 90

Example 5

In a second trial, the subject was administered 120 mg of lithiumcarbonate once per day with a glass of water every morning for twomonths (59 days). The subject reported after two weeks the stress oftrying to diminish junk food intake was reduced. Weight loss resulted,as follows:

Day Weight (kg)  1-14 100 15-19 99 20-27 98 28-35 97 36-39 96 40-46 9547-52 94 53-57 93 58-59 92

Example 6

In a third trial, the subject was administered 40 mg of lithiumcarbonate with a glass of water every morning for two months. Thesubject reported that the most difficult aspect was to stop the cravingfor junk food in the evening and the late afternoon. The subject alsoreported that there was not the feeling of stimulation as in the firsttrial, but that after two weeks the stress of trying to reduce junk foodintake was reduced. Weight loss also resulted.

Day Weight (kg)  1-15 100 16-25 99 26-34 98 35-41 97 42-48 96 49-53 9554-57 94 58-60 93 61 92

Example 7

In a fourth trial, the subject was administered 300 mg of rubidiumchloride once per once day in a glass of water in the morning. Thistrial lasted two months (61 days), and the subject lost ten kilogramsduring this time period. The most difficult aspect reported was the urgeto eat junk food for dinner and the cravings in the evening, whichcontributed to poor weight loss at the beginning of the trial (an optionfor people who cannot stop eating junk food at night would be to splitthe dosage and take half in the morning and half late in the afternoonor increase the dosage to 200 mg in the morning and 200 mg in the lateafternoon). Weight loss resulted, as follows:

Day Weight (kg)  1-10 102 11-15 101 16-23 100 24-29 99 30-35 98 36-40 9741-45 96 46-50 95 51-54 94 55-59 93 60-61 92

Example 8

In a fifth trial, the subject was administered 150 mg of rubidiumchloride, 150 mg cesium chloride, and 40 mg of lithium carbonate onceper day together in a glass of water in the morning. This trial lastedtwo months (61 days) and the subject lost ten kilograms during this timeperiod. The most difficult aspect reported by the subject was thecraving for junk food for dinner or late in the afternoon. Thiscontributed to the little weight loss early in the study. After twoweeks, the subject reported less stress and less craving for junk foodas compared to the first trial (for people who cannot stop eating atnight, one solution would be to split the dosage and take half in themorning and half late in the afternoon, or increase the dosage to 100 mgof rubidium chloride, 100 mg of cesium chloride, and 20 mg of lithiumcarbonate in the morning and again in the late afternoon). In thisstudy, weight loss resulted, as follows:

Day Weight (kg)  1-11 100 12-15 99 16-19 98 20-23 97 24-26 96 27-28 9529-35 94 36-42 93 43-47 92 48-55 91 56-61 90

Example 9

In further trials, the subject was administered lithium salts-lithiumorotate, lithium aspartate, and lithium citrate (40 mg) with a glass ofwater in the morning. The subject reported similar cravings as notedabove. The subject reported that there was not the feeling ofstimulation as in the first and fourth trials, but that after two weeks,the stress of trying to diminish junk food intake decreased. Weight losswas recorded.

Example 10

In a blind trial with two subjects, a female subject (66 kg) wasadministered 300 mg of rubidium Chloride once per day in a glass ofwater in the morning for two months (61 days). The second subject was amale (98 kg) who was administered a placebo of powdered sugar once perday in a glass of water in the morning during the same two months.

The male subject did not lose weight over the two month trial but thefemale stated “the stimulation from the medication she took was very,very strong” and she had more get-up-and go and less craving for junkfood than normal even after the first day. She also stated she had muchmore energy than before and was much more active during the day with the“medication” The trial was undertaken with the recommendation by doctorsnot to lose weight too quickly and to eat potassium rich foods,especially at night, instead of junk food. The most difficult aspectreported by the subject was to stop eating junk food for dinner and tostop the craving for junk food in the evening, which is believed to bethe reason for little weight loss at the beginning of the trial (aproposed solution for people who cannot stop eating at night would be tosplit the dosage of the 300 mg of rubidium chloride and take half in themorning and half late in the afternoon).

The aim of this trial was to have the subject lose weight and stop thecraving for junk food with the aid of the composition. The enhancedenergy and stimulation supplied from the composition that was tested todetermine if it prompted a change in eating habits away from junk food,thereby facilitated weight loss. Both subjects stated there was a highercraving for junk food for them in the afternoon and evening.

The trial lasted two months and the male subject lost no weight andfound the powdered sugar caused no stimulation, while the female subjectlost 6.5 kilograms during this time period, as follows:

Day Weight (kg) 1-5 66 6-9 65.5 10-12 65 13-18 64 19-28 63 29-30 6431-32 63.5 33-34 63 35-43 62 44-51 61 52-55 60.5 56-59 60 60-61 59.5

While there have been shown and described what are presently believed tobe certain embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in theart will realize that other and further embodiments can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention described in thisapplication, and this application includes all such modifications thatare within the intended scope of the claims set forth herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of suppressing appetite in an individualin need thereof, comprising administering to the individual per 24 hourperiod an effective amount of one or more alkali metals selected fromthe group consisting of one or more sources of cesium, one or moresources of rubidium, one or more sources of lithium, and combinationsthereof.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more sources ofcesium administered has a total cesium content in an amount of about 40milligrams to about 1500 milligrams, the one or more sources of rubidiumadministered has a total rubidium content in an amount of about 35milligrams to about 1350 milligrams, and the one or more sources oflithium administered has a total lithium content in an amount of about0.3 milligrams to about 85 milligrams.
 3. The method of claim 2, whereinthe source of cesium is one or more salts of cesium.
 4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein the one or more salts of cesium is selected from thegroup consisting of cesium azide (CsN₃), cesium bromide (CsBr), cesiumcarbonate (Cs₂CO₃), cesium chloride (CsCl), cesium chromate (Cs₂CrO₄),cesium fluoride (CsF), cesium formate (HCOOCs), cesium iodide (CsI),cesium nitrate (CsNO₃), cesium orthovanadate (Cs₃VO₄), cesium oxalate((COOCs)₂), cesium perchlorate (CsClO₄), cesium permanganate (CsMnO₄),cesium propionate (C₂H₅CO₂Cs) and cesium sulfate (Cs₂O₄S).
 5. The methodof claim 1, wherein the one or more sources of rubidium is one or moresalts of rubidium.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the combinedcontent of rubidium in the one or more salts of rubidium is in an amountof about 35 milligrams to about 1350 milligrams.
 7. The method of claim5, wherein the one or more salts of rubidium is selected from the groupconsisting of rubidium acetate (CH₃CO₂Rb), rubidium bromide (RbBr),rubidium carbonate (Rb₂CO₃), rubidium chloride (RbCl), rubidium chromate(Rb₂CrO₄), rubidium fluoride (RbF), rubidium formate (HCO₂Rb), rubidiumiodide (RbI), rubidium nitrate (RbNO₃) and rubidium sulfate (Rb₂SO₄). 8.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more sources of lithium is oneor more lithium salts.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the combinedcontent of one or more lithium salts is in an amount of about 10milligrams to about 450 milligrams.
 10. The method of claim 9, whereinthe one or more lithium salts is selected from the group consisting oflithium acetate (CH₃COOLi), lithium acetylsalicylate, lithium aspartate,lithium benzoate (C₆H₅COOLi), lithium bitartrate, lithium bromide(LiBr), lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithiumchromate (LiCrO₄), lithium citrate (Li₃C₆H₅O₇), lithium fluoride (LiF),lithium gluconate, lithium iodate (LiIO₃), lithium metaborate (LiBO₂),lithium nitrate (LiNO₃), lithium orotate (LiC₅H₃N₂O₄), lithiumperchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium phosphate (Li₃PO₄), lithium selenite(LiH₃(SeO₃)₂), lithium succinate (C₄H₅LiO₄), lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄),and lithium thenoate.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising oneor more sources of potassium administered substantially together withthe one or more alkali metal sources.
 12. The method of claim 1, whereinthe one or more alkali metal sources comprise one or more sources ofcesium, rubidium and lithium administered together as a single dose. 13.The method of claim 12, wherein: a) the one or more sources of cesium iscesium chloride; b) the one or more sources of rubidium is rubidiumchloride; and c) the one or more sources of lithium is lithium orotate,lithium carbonate, lithium aspartate, or combinations thereof.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein cesium chloride is administered in an amountof about 50 milligrams to about 1900 milligrams and rubidium chloride isadministered in an amount of about 50 milligrams to about 1900milligrams.
 15. A weight loss or stimulant composition comprising one ormore alkali metals selected from the group consisting of one or moresources of cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or more sourcesof lithium, and combinations thereof wherein the one or more sources ofcesium has a total cesium content in an amount of about 40 milligrams toabout 1500 milligrams, the one or more sources of rubidium has a totalrubidium content in an amount of about 35 milligrams to about 1350milligrams, and the one or more sources of lithium has a total lithiumcontent in an amount of about 0.3 milligrams to about 85 milligrams. 16.The composition of claim 15, wherein the composition is in the form of asolution.
 17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the solution is abeverage.
 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the beverage is anenergy or stimulant drink.
 19. The composition of claim 18, wherein theenergy or stimulant drink comprises one or more alkali metals selectedfrom the group consisting of rubidium chloride in an amount of about 50milligrams to about 1900 milligrams, cesium chloride in an amount ofabout 50 milligrams to about 1900 milligrams, and one or more of lithiumorotate, lithium aspartate, and lithium carbonate in an amount of about20 milligrams to about 200 milligrams.
 20. The energy or stimulant drinkof claim 19, further comprising one or more electrolytes.